class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide # First Steps on Using R as a GIS ## Easy Maps ### Stefan Jünger
July 08, 2021 --- layout: true --- ## Now <table class="table" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"> Time </th> <th style="text-align:left;"> Title </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> 01:00pm-01:20pm </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Introduction </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> 01:20pm-01:30pm </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Exercise 1: R Warm up </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> 01:30pm-02:00pm </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Data Processing & Spatial Linking </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> 02:00pm-02:30pm </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Exercise 2: Geospatial Data Wrangling </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> 02:30pm-02:45pm </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Break </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;background-color: yellow !important;"> 02:45pm-03:15pm </td> <td style="text-align:left;background-color: yellow !important;"> Easy Maps </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> 03:15pm-03:45pm </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Excercise 3: Build your own map </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> 03:45pm-04:00pm </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Closing, Q & A </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> --- ## Fun With Flags... MAPS, It's Maps! .center[ <img src="data:image/png;base64,#C:\Users\mueller2\talks_presentations\esra-workshop-first-steps-R-GIS\content\img\fun_with_flags.jpg" width="90%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] <br> .center[ <small><small><small> Fun with Flags by Dr. Sheldon Cooper. [Big Bang Theory](https://youtu.be/_e8PGPrPlwA)</small></small></small> ] --- ## Fun With Maps .pull-left[ `plot()` does not allow us to manipulate the maps in an easy. But we already have the two most essential ingredients to create a nice map: 1. One vector layer like our Cologne Corona data. 2. Some interesting attributes linked with the geometries. ] .pull-right[ <img src="data:image/png;base64,#3_Easy_Maps_files/figure-html/corona-cologne-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] --- ## What Makes a Good Map? <br> .pull-left[ **Good Mapping** - reduction to most important information - legends, scales, descriptions - audience oriented - adjusted for color vision deficiencies ] -- .pull-right[ **Bad Mapping** - overcrowding and overlapping - unreadable information - missing information like the legend or source - poor choice of color palettes ] --- ## What Makes a Good Map? .pull-left[ .center[] .tinyisher[.center[[Source](https://media.giphy.com/media/C9x8gX02SnMIoAClXa/giphy-downsized-large.gif)]] ] .pull-right[ ... but there is one other type: .center[ **The fast but nice map.** ] - fast exploration of spatial data by visualizing the geometries and attributes - might not be publication-ready yet, but they are more rewarding than just plotting information. ] --- ## The Choice Is Yours: `R` Packages for Mapping <br> <br> As always, `R` offers several ways to map spatial data, and the provided packages are various. What is out there? Just a few: - base R graphics package: [`mapdata`](https://rpubs.com/rbatzing/mapping) - mobile-friendly interactive maps: [`leaflet`](https://rstudio.github.io/leaflet/) - interactive and static thematic maps based on shapefiles: - [`tmap`](https://mran.microsoft.com/snapshot/2014-12-22/web/packages/tmap/vignettes/tmap-nutshell.html) - [`mapview`](https://r-spatial.github.io/mapview/) --- ## Our Choice Today Today, we'll concentrate on the package [`tmap`](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/tmap/index.html) - very intuitive and makes "good" decisions for us - the syntax is very similar to [`ggplot2`](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ggplot2/index.html)* <img src="data:image/png;base64,#C:\Users\mueller2\talks_presentations\esra-workshop-first-steps-R-GIS\content\img\68747470733a2f2f6d74656e6e656b65732e6769746875622e696f2f646f776e6c6f6164732f696d616765732f636c61737369632e706e67.png" width="50%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> .tinyisher[.center[[Source](https://camo.githubusercontent.com/63d5460e5fdfb78d42eedeaa54c14b63fcb7c872ac85e8c49fd1fd827553e9be/68747470733a2f2f6d74656e6e656b65732e6769746875622e696f2f646f776e6c6f6164732f696d616765732f636c61737369632e706e67)]] .footnote[*A wide-known 'secret' is that `tmap` creates a map based on `ggplot2`, so `ggplot2`-specific graphics manipulations will work as well.] --- ## First Map: Our Corona Data (Again, but Prettier) .pull-left[ ```r tm_shape(corona_cologne) + tm_fill("incidence") ``` ] -- .pull-right[ <img src="data:image/png;base64,#3_Easy_Maps_files/figure-html/first-map-exec-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] --- ## `tmap` In a Nutshell .pull-left[ There is not much to consider when using `tmap` but essential two requirements: 1. Define your spatial object. 2. Choose a building block to determine how to display information. ] -- .pull-right[ ```r # define and introduce every (new) # geospatial data object tm_shape() + # choose at least one building block as # 'aesthetic layer' # for polygon layer choose from: tm_fill() + # polygons without borders tm_polygons() + # polygons with borders tm_borders() + # only borders of polygons # for line layer choose: tm_lines() + # for point layer choose: tm_dots() + tm_bubbles() + # for raster layer choose tm_raster() + tm_rgb() + ... # for all of them: ?'tmap-element' ``` ] --- ## `tmap` In a Nutshell: Polygon Layer .pull-left[ ```r tm_shape(corona_cologne) + tm_fill() tm_shape(corona_cologne) + tm_polygons() tm_shape(corona_cologne) + tm_borders() ``` ] -- .pull-right[ <img src="data:image/png;base64,#3_Easy_Maps_files/figure-html/pol-layer-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /><img src="data:image/png;base64,#3_Easy_Maps_files/figure-html/pol-layer-2.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /><img src="data:image/png;base64,#3_Easy_Maps_files/figure-html/pol-layer-3.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] --- ## `tmap` In a Nutshell: Line and Point Layer .pull-left[ ```r tm_shape(streets_cologne) + tm_lines() tm_shape(hospitals_cologne) + tm_dots() ``` ] -- .pull-right[ <img src="data:image/png;base64,#3_Easy_Maps_files/figure-html/line-layer-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /><img src="data:image/png;base64,#3_Easy_Maps_files/figure-html/line-layer-2.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] --- ## `tmap` In a Nutshell: Put It All Together We can map the geometric attributes as single layers, but we can also layer our map and stack the layers on each other. -- .pull-left[ ```r tm_shape(corona_cologne) + tm_polygons() + tm_shape(streets_cologne) + tm_lines() + tm_shape(hospitals_cologne) + tm_dots(col = "red") ``` ] -- .pull-right[ <img src="data:image/png;base64,#3_Easy_Maps_files/figure-html/over-lay-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] --- ## Add Some Information <br> <br> After we took care of our geometric types, we want to add some information to our data. The inner construction of each building block of `tm_elements` is the same. 1. Define the variable of interest first by stating the column name. 2. Add a name for legend title, color palette, adjust legend, scales ... --- ## Chosing an Attribute .pull-left[ ```r tm_shape(corona_cologne) + tm_polygons("incidence") ``` ] -- .pull-right[ .center[ <img src="data:image/png;base64,#3_Easy_Maps_files/figure-html/life-exp-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] ] --- ## Chosing a Color Palette .pull-left[ ```r tm_shape(corona_cologne) + tm_polygons( "incidence", palette = "RdPu", title = "Incidence", style = "kmeans" ) ``` ] -- .pull-right[ .center[ <img src="data:image/png;base64,#3_Easy_Maps_files/figure-html/add-attributes-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] ] --- ## Re-Placing the Legend .pull-left[ ```r tm_shape(corona_cologne) + tm_polygons( "incidence", palette = "RdPu", title = "Incidence", style = "kmeans" ) + tm_layout( legend.outside = TRUE ) ``` ] .pull-right[ .center[ <img src="data:image/png;base64,#3_Easy_Maps_files/figure-html/add-attributes-legend-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] ] --- ## What's Left? <br> .center[ <img src="data:image/png;base64,#C:\Users\mueller2\talks_presentations\esra-workshop-first-steps-R-GIS\content\img\enough_maps.jpg" width="70%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] --- ## Compasses & Scale Bars .pull-left[ ```r tm_shape(corona_cologne) + tm_polygons("incidence") + tm_scale_bar() + tm_compass() ``` <img src="data:image/png;base64,#3_Easy_Maps_files/figure-html/compass-scalebar-I-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] -- .pull-right[ ```r tm_shape(corona_cologne) + tm_polygons("incidence") + tm_scale_bar(position = "left") + tm_compass(type = "4star") ``` <img src="data:image/png;base64,#3_Easy_Maps_files/figure-html/compass-scalebar-II-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] --- ## Add a Background From OpenStreetMap .pull-left[ ```r tmaptools::read_osm( corona_cologne ) %>% tm_shape() + tm_rgb() + tm_shape(corona_cologne) + tm_borders(col = "red") ``` ] -- .pull-right[ <img src="data:image/png;base64,#3_Easy_Maps_files/figure-html/cologne-raster-map-bg-exec-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] --- ## Playing With Different Map Types Call `OpenStreetMap::getMapInfo()` for a complete list. .pull-left[ ```r tmaptools::read_osm( corona_cologne, type = "esri-topo" ) %>% tm_shape() + tm_rgb() + tm_shape(corona_cologne) + tm_borders(col = "red") ``` <img src="data:image/png;base64,#3_Easy_Maps_files/figure-html/esri-1.png" width="70%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] -- .pull-right[ ```r tmaptools::read_osm( corona_cologne, type = "stamen-watercolor" ) %>% tm_shape() + tm_rgb() + tm_shape(corona_cologne) + tm_borders(col = "red") ``` <img src="data:image/png;base64,#3_Easy_Maps_files/figure-html/stamen-1.png" width="70%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] --- ## Getting Interactive (as an Alternative To `mapview::mapview()`)! .pull-left[ ```r tmap_mode("view") tm_shape(corona_cologne) + tm_borders(col = "red") ``` ] .pull-right[
] --- # Note On Mapping Responsible .pull-left[ **In the best cases**, maps are easy to understand and an excellent way to transport (scientific) messages. ] .pull-right[ **In the worst cases**, they simplify (spurious) correlations and draw a dramatic picture of the world. ] **Maps can shape narratives** - Decisions on which projection you use (remember the `true size` projector?), - the segment of the world you choose, - and the colors you add have a strong influence. Example: [Kenneth Field's blog post](https://www.esri.com/arcgis-blog/products/product/mapping/mapping-coronavirus-responsibly/) --- ## Color Vision Deficiencies: Standard Palette <img src="data:image/png;base64,#3_Easy_Maps_files/figure-html/color-def-1.png" width="55%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> .tinyisher[Created with the package [`colorBlindness`](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/colorBlindness/index.html)] --- ## Color Vision Deficiencies: `Viridis` Palette <img src="data:image/png;base64,#3_Easy_Maps_files/figure-html/color-def-virdis-1.png" width="55%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> .tinyisher[Created with the package [`colorBlindness`](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/colorBlindness/index.html)] --- ## More Resources <br> If you want to dive deeper into mapping with `tmap` check out: - Introduction by [Thomas Lo Russo](https://tlorusso.github.io/geodata_workshop/tmap_package) - Blogpost by [Hollie Zevross](http://zevross.com/blog/2018/10/02/creating-beautiful-demographic-maps-in-r-with-the-tidycensus-and-tmap-packages/) And if you want to get some inspiration, keep an eye out for the `#30DayMapChallenge` on Twitter. Repository of Last Year's Challenge [here](https://github.com/tjukanovt/30DayMapChallenge). --- class: middle ## Exercise 3: Build Your Own Map [Exercise](https://stefanjuenger.github.io/esra-workshop-first-steps-R-GIS/exercises/3_Build_Your_Own_Map.html) [Solution](https://stefanjuenger.github.io/esra-workshop-first-steps-R-GIS/solutions/3_Build_Your_Own_Map.html) --- layout: false class: center background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,#../assets/img/the_end.png) background-size: cover .left-column[ </br> <img src="data:image/png;base64,#C:\Users\mueller2\talks_presentations\esra-workshop-first-steps-R-GIS\content\img\stefan.png" width="90%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] .right-column[ .left[.small[<svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M464 64H48C21.49 64 0 85.49 0 112v288c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h416c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V112c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zm0 48v40.805c-22.422 18.259-58.168 46.651-134.587 106.49-16.841 13.247-50.201 45.072-73.413 44.701-23.208.375-56.579-31.459-73.413-44.701C106.18 199.465 70.425 171.067 48 152.805V112h416zM48 400V214.398c22.914 18.251 55.409 43.862 104.938 82.646 21.857 17.205 60.134 55.186 103.062 54.955 42.717.231 80.509-37.199 103.053-54.947 49.528-38.783 82.032-64.401 104.947-82.653V400H48z"></path></svg> [`stefan.juenger@gesis.org`](mailto:stefan.juenger@gesis.org)] </br> .small[<svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z"></path></svg> [`@StefanJuenger`](https://twitter.com/StefanJuenger)] </br> .small[<svg viewBox="0 0 496 512" style="height:1em;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z"></path></svg> [`StefanJuenger`](https://github.com/StefanJuenger)] </br> .small[<svg viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M280.37 148.26L96 300.11V464a16 16 0 0 0 16 16l112.06-.29a16 16 0 0 0 15.92-16V368a16 16 0 0 1 16-16h64a16 16 0 0 1 16 16v95.64a16 16 0 0 0 16 16.05L464 480a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V300L295.67 148.26a12.19 12.19 0 0 0-15.3 0zM571.6 251.47L488 182.56V44.05a12 12 0 0 0-12-12h-56a12 12 0 0 0-12 12v72.61L318.47 43a48 48 0 0 0-61 0L4.34 251.47a12 12 0 0 0-1.6 16.9l25.5 31A12 12 0 0 0 45.15 301l235.22-193.74a12.19 12.19 0 0 1 15.3 0L530.9 301a12 12 0 0 0 16.9-1.6l25.5-31a12 12 0 0 0-1.7-16.93z"></path></svg> [`https://stefanjuenger.github.io`](https://stefanjuenger.github.io)]] </br> ]